Cocaine use is highly co-morbid with alcohol use, yet studies in the co use of these drugs are non-existent. Studies proposed in a new R21 awarded to Dr. Nick Gilpin titled Validation of a rat model of co-morbid cocaine and alcohol use, will develop a preclinical model that recapitulates core features of cocaine base use in humans. The validated preclinical model will be used to investigate the physiological and behavioral effects of the inhaled drug, and the effects of co-exposure to cocaine vapor and other drugs.