Physiology of Body Fluids
Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard, Ph.D.
Reading: Chapter 1 in Koeppen & Stanton Renal Physiology (Mosby Physiology Monograph Series)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Given the body weight, estimate the a) total body water, b) extracellular water, c) intracellular fluid volume, d) blood volume, and e) plasma volume. Identify normal extracellular fluid (plasma) osmolarity and concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, proteins, creatinine, and urea, and contrast these values with those for intracellular fluids.
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Given the composition and osmolality of a fluid, identify it as hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic. Predict the change in transcellular fluid exchange that would occur in cells immersed in that solution.
- Identify major routes and normal ranges for water intake and loss, and predict how changes in intake and loss affect the distribution of total body water.
- Predict the directional changes in extracellular volume, extracellular osmolality, intracellular volume, and intracellular osmolality caused by infusion of three liters of 0.9% NaCl (isotonic), lactated Ringer's solution, 0.45% NaCl (hypotonic), and 7.5% NaCl (hypertonic).
- Demonstrate ability to use the indicator dilution principle to determine plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume and total body water by knowing characteristics of compound to measure each volume.
Learning objectives have been adapted from the Renal Physiology Objectives (http://www.the-aps.org/education/MedPhysObj/medcor.htm) developed by the American Physiological Society (http:www.the-aps.org).